Jesus’ Take on Commandments

Old Testament Commandment

Scripture Reference

Jesus’ Teaching/Update

Scripture Reference

Do not murder

Exodus 20:13

Jesus taught that even anger toward others is subject to judgment

Matthew 5:21-22

Do not commit adultery

Exodus 20:14

Jesus emphasized that even lustful thoughts are considered adultery in the heart

Matthew 5:27-28

Love your neighbor, hate your enemy (distorted interpretation)

Leviticus 19:18

Jesus commanded to love enemies and pray for persecutors

Matthew 5:43-44

Do not bear false witness

Exodus 20:16

Jesus emphasized truthfulness, teaching that a simple ‘yes’ or ‘no’ should be sufficient

Matthew 5:37

An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth

Exodus 21:24

Jesus rejected retaliation, advocating turning the other cheek

Matthew 5:38-39

Honor your father and mother

Exodus 20:12

Jesus reinforced this commandment but warned against using tradition as an excuse to neglect parents

Matthew 15:3-6

Do not covet

Exodus 20:17

Jesus taught that material possessions should not be the focus, but rather seeking the Kingdom of God

Luke 12:15, Matthew 6:33

Keep the Sabbath holy

Exodus 20:8-10

Jesus clarified that the Sabbath was made for man’s benefit, not strict legalism

Mark 2:27

Do not swear falsely

Leviticus 19:12

Jesus instructed to speak with integrity so oaths would not be necessary

Matthew 5:34-37

Love your neighbor

Leviticus 19:18

Jesus reaffirmed this but elevated it to the greatest commandment alongside loving God

Matthew 22:37-39